Thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis to discern synergy during the co-pyrolysis of microalgae and swine manure digestate

Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Liu, Hao; Zhao, Ming; Soomro, Abdul F.; Memon, Muhammad Zaki; Dupont, Valerie

doi:10.1186/s13068-019-1488-6

Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

Table 5 Activation energies (E_a) and correlation factors (R²) for different conversion values using KAS and FWO models

From: Thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis to discern synergy during the co-pyrolysis of microalgae and swine manure digestate

Material	MA				SWD				MD-1				MD-2				MD-3
Method	KAS		FWO		KAS		FWO		KAS		FWO		KAS		FWO		KAS		FWO
Parameter/conversion	E _a ^a	R ²	E _a ^a	R ²	E _a ^a	R ²	E _a ^a	R ²	E _a ^a	R ²	E _a ^a	R ²	E _a ^a	R ²	E _a ^a	R ²	E _a ^a	R ²	E _a ^a	R ²
0.1	160.07	0.9773	155.65	0.9731	207.91	0.9997	206.07	1	139.45	0.9951	139.05	0.997	174.05	0.9946	161.61	0.9864	157.09	0.9976	157.9	0.9978
0.15	168.9	0.9999	167.24	0.997	218.38	0.9947	216.26	0.995	143.25	0.9987	143.02	0.9994	182.04	0.9998	173.82	0.9981	157.83	0.994	158.79	0.995
0.2	170.26	0.9949	170.07	0.9958	217.63	1	215.75	1	176.27	0.9805	176.46	0.9823	183.92	0.9989	179.15	0.9998	159.6	0.9973	160.6	0.9976
0.25	172.33	0.9935	172.83	0.9941	218.35	0.9994	216.59	1	180.5	0.9909	180.59	0.9917	185.68	0.9945	182.74	0.9964	160.97	0.9976	162.01	0.9978
0.3	164.85	0.9955	165.8	0.996	213.4	0.9995	212.02	1	176.22	0.9987	176.64	0.9988	187.95	0.989	186.48	0.991	164.62	0.9985	165.58	0.9987
0.35	161.74	0.9977	162.93	0.9979	214.27	0.9997	212.97	1	173.7	0.9999	174.35	1	190.02	0.9886	189.82	0.9869	169.83	0.9971	170.62	0.9974
0.4	157.41	0.9985	158.89	0.9987	216.54	1	215.23	1	171.9	0.9986	172.73	0.9987	172.74	0.9972	173.47	0.9975	173.19	0.9998	173.89	0.9986
0.45	157.63	0.9993	157.05	0.9994	214.62	0.9996	213.51	1	170.94	0.9903	171.91	0.9914	162.4	1	163.73	1	177.71	0.9986	178.27	0.9988
0.5	151.38	0.9998	153.31	0.9998	224.18	1	222.71	1	166.88	0.9812	168.15	0.9844	150.03	0.9965	152.08	0.9969	183.84	0.9981	184.18	0.9983
0.55	146.13	0.9998	148.4	0.9998	213.62	0.9922	211.67	0.992	164.73	0.9648	166.21	0.9686	147.18	0.9909	149.98	0.9925	192.75	0.9976	192.62	0.9979
0.6	143.47	0.9992	145.97	0.9993	207.49	0.9887	204.3	0.989	172.9	0.9764	174.14	0.9811	153.68	0.991	157.84	0.9936	190.46	0.9993	189.71	0.9992
0.65	140.8	0.998	143.55	0.9982	190.96	0.9839	185.91	0.982	195.6	0.9782	195.98	0.9844	167.78	0.99	174.25	0.9945	187.85	0.9969	186.16	0.997
0.7	135.05	0.9955	138.24	0.9961	184.76	0.9846	178.52	0.982	194.54	0.9714	192.79	0.9809	188.77	0.9881	199.03	0.9953	187.63	0.999	184.44	0.9989
0.75	134.11	0.9956	137.53	0.9962	197.49	0.9943	189.9	0.988	201.35	0.9906	197.83	0.9961	197.77	0.9854	211.41	0.9952	178.17	0.9954	173.03	0.9946
0.8	133.1	0.9963	136.82	0.9969	203.04	0.9796	195.27	0.977	215.48	0.9906	211.21	0.9962	212.99	0.9716	229.47	0.9879	152.63	0.9999	146.53	1
Average	153.15	0.9961	154.25	0.9959	209.51	0.9944	206.45	0.994	176.25	0.9871	176.07	0.9901	177.13	0.9917	178.99	0.9941	172.94	0.9978	172.29	0.9978
Calculated E_a	–		–		–		–		195.42		193.4		181.33		180.35		167.24		167.3

^aIn kJ mol⁻¹

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