Characterization and optimization of endogenous lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris SDEC-3M ability to rapidly accumulate lipid for reversing nightly lipid loss

Table 4 Six fuel properties of biodiesel—ADU, KV, SG, CP, CN and IV—derived from SDEC-3M samples before and after 12 h N-deficient or N-rich cultivation in darkness, and their standards in China, the USA, and Europe

Biodiesel property	Empirical estimation			Standard value [19]
Biodiesel property	Before cultivation	After N-rich cultivation	After N-deficient cultivation	CN (GB/T 20828)	USA (ASTM D6751)	Europe (EN 14214)
KV 40 °C (mm² s⁻¹)	4.56 ± 0.02	4.59 ± 0.02	4.62 ± 0.02	4.39 to 4.95	1.9 to 6.0	1.9 to 6.0
SG (kg L⁻¹)	0.8782 ± 0.0002	0.8779 ± 0.0002	0.8777 ± 0.0002	0.875 to 0.880	0.82 to 0.90	0.87 to 0.89
CP (°C)	6.41 ± 0.47	7.03 ± 0.49	7.69 ± 0.41	2.83 to 14.66	Report	Report
CN	56.09 ± 0.23	56.4 ± 0.25	56.73 ± 0.21	54.31 to 59.29	min 49	min 47
IV (gI₂/100 g)	88.37 ± 2.6	84.9 ± 2.75	81.24 ± 2.29	42.41 to 108.27	–	–
ADU	1.02 ± 0.03	0.97 ± 0.04	0.92 ± 0.03	0.40 to 1.28	–	–

Each entry indicates the mean ± S.D., n = 3, which was measured from three independent cultures

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