Fig. 7
From: Internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungi
Lignin fragment internalization requires energy in bacteria. a TQD-MS results showing relative VA concentrations in E. coli lysates generated from cells glucose starved for 4-h internalization timeframe. Three biological replicates are shown. b TQD-MS results showing relative VA concentrations in E. coli lysates following CCCP or vehicle control treatment for 4 h. Two biological replicates are shown. c Representative images of E. coli ± CCCP for 4 h internalization of the alkyne-modified VA mono-lignol (fVA) followed by fixation and AlexaFluor™ 647 labeling. d Single-cell microscopy analysis of fVA in E. coli cells treated with CCCP or vehicle control for 4 h. Single-cell integrated intensities are graphed, red lines mark mean, and whiskers mark standard deviation of > 10,000 cells per condition, representing three biological replicates. *Indicates p value of 0.014, and ****indicates p value of < 0.0001 by a t-test