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Fig. 6 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 6

From: Directed evolution of a genetically encoded immobilized lipase for the efficient production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil

Fig. 6

Optimization of reaction parameters during the conversion of WCO to biodiesel by Cry3Aa–PMLVG crystals. a Percent conversion as a function of incubation temperature. Reaction were incubated at 25–40 °C for 2 h. b Percent conversion as a function of catalyst loading. Reactions were incubated with 0.25–2.5% catalyst (w/w of oil) for 2 h. c Percent conversion as a function of MeOH:oil ratio. Reactions were incubated using 3–6 molar equivalents of MeOH for 24 h. d Percent conversion as a function of water content. Reactions were incubated using 10–80% water (w/w of oil) for 24 h. Unless otherwise indicated, all reactions contained 130-mg WCO, 1.0% w/w Cry3Aa–PMLVG crystals, a 5:1 MeOH:oil ratio, 40% w/w water and were incubated at 25 °C, 2000 rpm in a thermomixer. The oil layer was extracted, and the percent conversion was determined by gas chromatography (GC). All reactions were performed in triplicate and error bars were derived from the standard deviation of the mean

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