Table 1 Biomass and starch productivity, CO₂ bio-fixation rate, and amylose production of T. subcordiformis cultures with different amounts of NaHCO₃ addition under nitrogen-depletion (−N) and nitrogen-limitation (±N) cultivation modes (mean ± SD, n = 3)

0.29 ± 0.05^α (2^a)

0.55 ± 0.10^α (2)

0.27 ± 0.02^α (2)

27.8 ± 0.3^α (2)

153 ± 8^α (2)

54 ± 4^α (2)

0.74 ± 0.00^A (8)

1.39 ± 0.00^A (8)

0.46 ± 0.01^A (8)

26.7 ± 1.5^A (8)

984 ± 53^A (8)

121 ± 7^A (8)

0.81 ± 0.10^β (2)

1.52 ± 0.20^β (2)

0.60 ± 0.01^γ (2)

30.9 ± 0.5^γ (2)

354 ± 2^γ (2)

155 ± 1^γ (2)

0.74 ± 0.01^A (8)

1.38 ± 0.02^A (8)

0.47 ± 0.03^AB (8)

26.7 ± 0.9^A (8)

1011 ± 32^AB (8)

125 ± 4^AB (8)

0.89 ± 0.03^β (2)

1.67 ± 0.05^β (2)

0.73 ± 0.02^δ (2)

32.9 ± 0.3^δ (2)

449 ± 16^δ (2)

202 ± 8^δ (2)

0.82 ± 0.05^B (8)

1.55 ± 0.10^B (8)

0.51 ± 0.03^B (8)

27.7 ± 1.0^A (8)

1148 ± 108^B (8)

142 ± 14^B (8)

0.80 ± 0.15^β (2)

1.50 ± 0.29^β (2)

0.41 ± 0.12^β (2)

34.7 ± 0.9^β (2)

276 ± 68^β (2)

116 ± 34^β (2)

0.69 ± 0.05 (4)

1.29 ± 0.09 (4)

0.09 ± 0.04 (4)

59.3 ± 0.5 (4)

238 ± 83 (4)

56 ± 21 (4)