Fig. 4

Central carbon metabolism of T. cutaneum B3 for lipid synthesis. Up- and down-regulation of genes encoding key enzymes and transcriptional regulators are highlighted in red and blue colors, respectively. Dashed arrows indicate multiple enzymatic steps in the metabolic pathway. ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Ac-CoA, acetyl-CoA; ACL, ATP-dependent citrate synthase; ACO, aconitase; ADH, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; α-KG, α-ketoglutaric acid; Cit, citrate; CITA, citrate synthase; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; ELO, fatty acid elongase; ENO, enolase; Eth, ethanol; F-6-P, frucose-6-phosphate; FAD1, delta-9 fatty acid desaturase; FAD2, delta-12 fatty acid desaturase; FAO, long-chain-alcohol oxidase; FAS1/FAS2, fatty-acid synthase complex protein 1/2; FBA, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase; Fum, fumaric acid; FUM, fumarate hydratase; Glu, glucose; Gly, glyoxylate; G-3-P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; G-6-P, glucose-6-phosphate; Glycerol-3-P, glycerol-3-phosphate; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; GPD, Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GPDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GPI, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; HXK, hexokinase; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; ICL, isocitrate lyase; Iso, isocitric acid; KGD, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; LDs, lipids droplet; LPAAT, lyso-phosphatidic acid acyltransferase; LSC, succinyl-CoA synthetase; MAE, malic enzyme; Mal, malate; Mal-CoA, malonyl-CoA; MDH, malate dehydrogenas; MFE, β-oxidation multifunctional enzyme; MLS, malate synthase; OAA, oxaloacetate; OPP, Pathway oxidative pentose phosphate pathway; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PGD, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; PGL, 6-phosphogluconolactonase; PK, pyruvate kinase; POX, acyl-CoA oxidase; PYC, pyruvate carboxylase; PYR, pyruvate; RGT, high-affinity glucose transporter; SDH, succinate dehydrogen; S-CoA, succinyl-CoA; Suc, succinic acid; TAG, triacylglycerol; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle