Fig. 3

Carbon-labeling experiment with ¹³C-labeled formate in the EMK02 strain. The pathway involved in the synthesis of amino acids in Escherichia coli (a). OAA, oxaloacetate; AcCoA, acetyl coenzyme A; Pyr, pyruvate; αKG, α-ketoglutarate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PGA, phosphoglycerate; G3P, glycerate 3-phosphate; E4P, erythrose 4-phosphate; Red arrows: amino acid synthetic pathway; Purple arrows: constructed formate assimilation pathway. The proportion of labeled amino acids in the EMK02 strain after 6-h cultivation with ¹³C-labeled formate in formate M9 minimal medium supplied with 1 g/L glycine at iOD of 0.7 (b). Mass isotopomer distribution is displayed in the stacked bar graph and M0–M8 denotes the number of incorporated ¹³C carbon atoms in proteinogenic amino acids