Fig. 6
Functional confirmation of mutations in strain EMK02A5. Normalized biofilm formation measured by Crystal Violet assay was compared to the specific growth rates of the strains in EMK medium at iOD of 0.1 among different stages of ALE strains (a) and among the strains overexpressing genes related to biofilm formation in EMK02 (b). The names, vA5f, vA5y, vA5h, and vA5c, in the x-axis represent the strains with overexpression of fimCD, ydeH, htrE, and csgD, respectively, in EMK02A2. SEM images showing the biofilm formation of EMK02A2 (c) and EMK02A5 (d)