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Enzymes for the degradation of hemicellulose
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Backbone cleaving enzymes
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Degradation of the xylan backbone in arabinoxylan (hardwood) and arabinoglucoronoxylan (grasses) by endo- and exo-xylanases
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Endo-β-1,4-xylanase
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3.2.1.8
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1,4-β-Xylosidase
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3.2.1.37
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Xyloglucan-specific endo-β-1,4-glucanase
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3.2.1.151
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Degradation of the mannan backbone in galactoglucomannan (softwood) by endo- and exo-mannanases
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Endo-1,4-β-mannosidase
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3.2.1.78
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β-Mannosidase
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3.2.1.25
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1,2-α-Mannosidase
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3.2.1.113
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β-Galactosidase
|
3.2.1.23
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Side-chain cleaving hydrolytic enzymes
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Cleaving off galactose moieties from galactoglucomannan (softwood)
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α-Galactosidase
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3.2.1.22
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Cleaving off arabinose moieties from arabinoxylan (hardwood) and arabinoglucoronoxylan (grasses)
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α-l-Arabinofuranosidase
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3.2.1.55
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Cleaving off glucoronic moieties from arabinoxylan (hardwood) and arabinoglucoronoxylan (grasses)
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α-Glucuronidase
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3.2.1.139
|
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Side chain cleaving esterases
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Cleaving off acetyl groups from glucuronoxylan (hardwood), arabinoglucoronoxylan (grasses), and galactoglucomannan (softwood)
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Acetyl xylan esterase
|
3.1.1.72
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Cleaving ester linkage between arabinose in hemicellulose and ferulic acid in lignin
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Acetyl esterase
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3.1.1.6
|
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Enzymes for degradation of cellulose
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Concerted action of exo- and endo-cellulases and β-glucosidase
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Endo-β-1,4-glucanase
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3.2.1.4
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1,4-β-Cellobiosidase
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3.2.1.91
|
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β-Glucosidase
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3.2.1.21
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Auxiliary activities
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Cleavage of cellulose chains by oxidation of C1 or C4
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Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases
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1.14.99.56
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Non-hydrolytic proteins
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High binding affinity for hemicellulose and cellulose, unknown role in biomass degradation
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Swollenin
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–
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