Fig. 3
Effects of simulated flue gas and high temperature on the growth and photosynthetic rates of the wild type and mutants 283 and 359 of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31. a Growth curves. b Biomass productivity. c Net photosynthesis rates. d Maximum PSII activity. e Nitrate concentration. f Nile red staining. Bright field: A, C, E, G, I, K. Fluorescence: B, D, F, H, J, L. An 800-mL culture of each strain aerated with simulated flue gas (0.1 vvm) was grown in ¼ N BG-11 medium (containing 0.375 g/L NaNO3) at 40 °C with a speed at 150 rpm under a light cycle consisting of 12 h of light with 150 μmol m−2 s−1 and then aeration with air (0.1 vvm) at 28 °C with a speed at 150 rpm of 12 h of dark conditions for 9 days. Next, the cells were cultivated by aeration with air (0.1 vvm) at 28 °C with a speed at 150 rpm and a light/dark cycle of 12 h/12 h at a light intensity of 150 μmol m−2 s−1 until 28 days. Data shown are the means (along with the standard deviations) of at least two independent experiments