Potential yields and emission reductions of biojet fuels produced via hydrotreatment of biocrudes produced through direct thermochemical liquefaction

Table 5 GHG emission comparison of biocrude and refined biocrude after upgrading (g CO₂eq/GJ HHV)

	Fossil jet fuel	Fast pyrolysis biocrude		Catalytic pyrolysis biocrude		HTL biocrude
	Crude oil	Canmet	PNNL	Canmet	PNNL	Canmet	PNNL
Fuel dispensing	91	95	95	94	94	97	96
Fuel distribution and storage	642	626	626	636	636	615	652
Fuel production	6383	93,640	51,617	85,324	28,467	73,421	30,463
Feedstock transmission	78	3186	3892	5196	5446	2397	2454
Feedstock recovery	5647	3789	4629	7484	7843	3156	3230
Feedstock upgrading	4720	2461	3006	4505	4722	11,686	11,961
Land-use changes, cultivation	210	12	14	23	24	10	10
Fertilizer manufacture	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gas leaks and flares	2280	0	0	0	0	0	0
CO₂, H₂S removed from NG	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Emissions displaced–co-products	− 138	− 19,425	− 42,038	− 14,093	− 10,846	− 9171	− 7603
Fuel production	19,913	84,384	21,841	89,170	36,386	82,211	41,263
Fuel use	67,637	626	626	626	626	626	626
Total (g CO₂ eq/GJ)	87,550	85,010	22,467	89,796	37,027	82,837	42,889
% change		− 2.9	− 74.3	2.6	− 57.7	− 5.4	− 51.0

ISSN: 2731-3654