Time-resolved carotenoid profiling and transcriptomic analysis reveal mechanism of carotenogenesis for astaxanthin synthesis in the oleaginous green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis

Table 1 Comparison of the DEGs of carotenogenesis in C. zofingiensis and H. pluvialis under various conditions

	MEP	MVA	IPP/DMAPP to primary carotenoids	β-carotenoid to astaxanthin	References^a
C. zofingiensis
Nitrogen deprivation	Up: MCS Down: DXR	Up: AACT, HCS Down: no	Up: LCYb Down: PDS, ZDS, LCYe, CYP97A, CYP97C, VDE	Up: CHYb, BKT1, BKT2, AAT Down: no	This study
High light	Up: no Down: no	Up: no Down: no	Up: no Down: ZDS, LCYe	Up: BKT1, BKT2, AAT Down: no	[26]
Glucose induction	Up: DXS, HDR Down: CMK	Up: IPPI Down: AACT	Up: LCYb Down: PDS, ZISO, CRTISO, LCYe, CYP97A, CYP97C, ZEP, VDE, NXS	Up: CHYb, BKT1 Down: BKT2	[28]
H. pluvialis
High light	Up: DXS, DXR, HDS, HDR Down: no	Up: HCS Down: no	Up: GGPPS, PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYb Down: no	Up: CHYb, BKT Down: no	[36]
High light plus nitrogen deprivation	Up: DXS, DXR, MCT, HDS, HDR Down: no	Up: no Down: no	Up: GGPPS, PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYb Down: LCYe, CYP97C	Up: CHYb, BKT Down: no	[37]

^aThe DEGs were retrieved from RNA-seq data of the references. Note that there is only one time-point RNA-seq data for Gwak et al. [36], but many carotenogenic genes were verified by qPCR in a time-resolved manner

ISSN: 2731-3654