MEP | MVA | IPP/DMAPP to primary carotenoids | β-carotenoid to astaxanthin | Referencesa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. zofingiensis | |||||
Nitrogen deprivation | Up: MCS Down: DXR | Up: AACT, HCS Down: no | Up: LCYb Down: PDS, ZDS, LCYe, CYP97A, CYP97C, VDE | Up: CHYb, BKT1, BKT2, AAT Down: no | This study |
High light | Up: no Down: no | Up: no Down: no | Up: no Down: ZDS, LCYe | Up: BKT1, BKT2, AAT Down: no | [26] |
Glucose induction | Up: DXS, HDR Down: CMK | Up: IPPI Down: AACT | Up: LCYb Down: PDS, ZISO, CRTISO, LCYe, CYP97A, CYP97C, ZEP, VDE, NXS | Up: CHYb, BKT1 Down: BKT2 | [28] |
H. pluvialis | |||||
High light | Up: DXS, DXR, HDS, HDR Down: no | Up: HCS Down: no | Up: GGPPS, PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYb Down: no | Up: CHYb, BKT Down: no | [36] |
High light plus nitrogen deprivation | Up: DXS, DXR, MCT, HDS, HDR Down: no | Up: no Down: no | Up: GGPPS, PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYb Down: LCYe, CYP97C | Up: CHYb, BKT Down: no | [37] |