Fig. 2

Effect of atg22 deletion on programmed cell death induced by Ac. a Phosphatidylserine externalization and loss of membrane integrity were determined using Annexin V/PI costaining in BY4742 and Atg22Δ cells after Ac treatment. b ROS production of BY4742 and Atg22Δ cells was determined using DHE staining after Ac treatment. c Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by Rho123 stain after Ac treatment. The data represent mean ± SD (n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). In each experiment, 10,000 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry after incubation with 150 mM Ac (pH 3.0) for 45 min, 120 min and 200 min, respectively