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Fig. 3 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 3

From: Deletion of Atg22 gene contributes to reduce programmed cell death induced by acetic acid stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fig. 3

Effect of atg22 overexpression on programmed cell death induced by acetic acid. a Phosphatidylserine externalization and loss of membrane integrity were determined using Annexin V/PI costaining in BY4742 cells harboring pESC-ura (BY-pESC-ura) or pESC-Atg22 (BY-pESC-Atg22) after acetic acid treatment. b Loss of membrane integrity was determined using PI staining in BY4742 cells harboring pTEF2 or pTEF-ATG22-EGFP after acetic acid treatment. The data represent mean ± SD (n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). Cells were incubated with 150 mM acetic acid for 45 min, 120 min and 200 min, respectively. In each experiment, 10,000 cells were then evaluated by flow cytometry. GFP cells represent the BY4742 strain harboring pTEF-ATG22-EGFP with a positive Atg22p-EGFP fluorescence by flow cytometry

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