Enhanced lipid production by Yarrowia lipolytica cultured with synthetic and waste-derived high-content volatile fatty acids under alkaline conditions

Table 2 Biomass and lipid production of Y. lipolytica with 50 g/L of propionic acid, butyric acid and mixed VFAs as carbon source at different pH conditions

Carbon source and initial pH	Biomass (g/L)	Lipid conc. (g/L)	Lipid content (wt%)	Y_X/S (g/g)	Y_L/S (g/g)	Lag phase (day)
50 g/L of propionic acid
pH = 6	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
pH = 7	15.99 ± 0.92	3.83 ± 0.21	23.96 ± 1.34	0.320 ± 0.018	0.077 ± 0.004	1–2
pH = 8	18.11 ± 0.87	4.48 ± 0.34	24.73 ± 1.20	0.362 ± 0.017	0.090 ± 0.007	0^a
pH = 9	17.26 ± 1.01	4.33 ± 0.35	25.06 ± 1.47	0.345 ± 0.020	0.087 ± 0.007	0–1
pH = 10	9.67 ± 0.69	1.58 ± 0.16	16.33 ± 1.33	0.193 ± 0.014	0.032 ± 0.003	2–3
50 g/L of butyric acid
pH = 6	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
pH = 7	25.45 ± 1.10	6.53 ± 0.24	25.65 ± 1.17	0.509 ± 0.022	0.131 ± 0.005	1–3
pH = 8	28.52 ± 1.28	7.22 ± 0.27	25.32 ± 1.20	0.570 ± 0.026	0.144 ± 0.005	0
pH = 9	28.92 ± 1.28	7.92 ± 0.23	27.39 ± 1.47	0.578 ± 0.026	0.158 ± 0.005	0
pH = 10	26.86 ± 1.43	7.16 ± 0.30	26.67 ± 1.33	0.537 ± 0.029	0.143 ± 0.006	1–2
50 g/L of mixed VFAs (acetic: propionic: butyric acid = 5:2:3)
pH = 6	16.93 ± 0.60	3.16 ± 0.17	18.66 ± 1.30	0.339 ± 0.012	0.063 ± 0.003	2–3
pH = 7	27.48 ± 1.18	8.32 ± 0.33	30.28 ± 1.34	0.550 ± 0.024	0.166 ± 0.007	0
pH = 8	27.33 ± 1.26	8.27 ± 0.26	30.25 ± 1.13	0.547 ± 0.025	0.165 ± 0.005	0
pH = 9	26.94 ± 1.30	8.28 ± 0.44	30.72 ± 1.11	0.539 ± 0.026	0.166 ± 0.009	0
pH = 10	23.65 ± 1.29	5.33 ± 0.22	22.53 ± 1.42	0.473 ± 0.026	0.107 ± 0.004	1–3

All the results presented are the mean values ± SD for three independent replicates
N.D., not detected; Y_X/S, growth yield coefficient, g DCW/g VFAs, Y_L/S, lipid yield coefficient, g lipid/g VFAs
^aLag phase less than 3 h was recorded as 0 day

ISSN: 2731-3654