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Table 4 Comparison of different fermentation processes for butanol production

From: Pathway dissection, regulation, engineering and application: lessons learned from biobutanol production by solventogenic clostridia

Fermentation process

Strain

Substrates

Yield (g/g)

Productivity (g/L/h)

Titer of ABE (g/L)

Refs.

Batch fermentation

C. beijerinckii P260

Barley straw

0.43

0.39

26.46

[239]

C. beijerinckii BA101

Corn fibers

0.36–0.39

0.10

9.3

[33]

Fed-batch fermentation

C. beijerinckii P260

Wheat straw

–

0.36

16.59

[240]

C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1–4

Synthetic medium with butyric acid

0.49

0.42

16.0

[241]

Continuous fermentation

 (i) Free cell continuous fermentation

C. saccharobutylicum DSM 13864

Sago starch

0.29

0.85

9.1

[242]

C. beijerinckii BA101

Degermed corn

–

0.29–0.30

14.28

[194]

 (ii) Immobilized cells continuous fermentation

C. acetobutylicum ATCC 55025

Corn

0.42

4.6

12.5

[243]

C. beijerinckii BA101

Synthetic medium

0.36

12.43

8.8

[244]

 (iii) Cell recycling and bleeding

C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum N14

Synthetic medium

–

11.0

8.58

[245]

C. acetobutylicum BKM19

Clostridial growth medium (CGM)

0.34

21.1

23.5

[195]

In situ product recovery

 (i) Adsorption process

  Fed-batch fermentation

C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824

Glucose

0.22

0.45

 54.6 

[246]

 (ii) Pervaporation process

  Batch fermentation

C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824

Glucose

0.38

0.76

 201.8 

[247]

 (iii) Gas stripping process

  Batch fermentation

C. acetobutylicum JB200

Cassava bagasse hydrolysate

0.23

0.32

108.5

[248]

  Batch fermentation

C. beijerinckii BA101

Glucose

0.47

0.61

75.9

[249]

  Fed-batch fermentation

C. beijerinckii BA101

Glucose

0.47

1.16

233

[138]