Fig. 1

Metabolic pathway grid for monolignol biosynthesis present in angiosperms. Monolignol biosynthesis from phenylalanine with enzymes responsible for conversion of phenylalanine to 4-coumaric acid, modification of the 3′ and 5′ side groups on the aromatic ring, and the conversion of organic acid to alcohol on the three carbon branch at 1′ position on the aromatic ring