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Table 1 Examples of transgenic poplar lines targeting native monolignol synthesis genes

From: Use of the lignocellulose-degrading bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii to assess recalcitrance and conversion of wild-type and transgenic poplar

Populus species

Target gene(s)

Number transgenic lines reported

Lignin (wt%)

S/G ratio

Carbohydrate content data

Source

Populus tremuloides Michx.

4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL1)

8

11.84–20.60 (21.6)

–

Cellulose (wt%)

45.95–50.83 (44.23)

[7]

Populus grandidentata x alba

p-Coumaryl-CoA 3′-hydroxylase (C3′H)

9

10.51–21.03 (23.78)

1.8– 3.1 (1.8)

Glucose (wt%)

46.03–51.10 (45.69)

Xylose (wt%)

17.30–21.12 (17.87)

[4, 20]

Populus tremuloides

4-Coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL1)

5

13.1–16.0 (22.2)

2.1–2.3 (2.2)

Cellulose (wt%)

43.1–47.3 (41.4)

[12]

Coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase (CAld5H)

5

19.7–22.4 (22.2)

3.0–5.5 (2.2)

Cellulose (wt%)

40.0–44.7 (41.4)

4CL1 Down-regulation and CAld5H Upregulation

4

10.7–13.7 (22.2)

2.6-3.6 (2.2)

Cellulose (wt%)

49.2–53.3 (41.4)

Populus tremula x alba

4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL1)

14

–

1.4–2.2 (1.8)

–

[26]

Populus tremula x alba

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR)

2a

19.1–19.6 (20.7)

1.9 (1.9)

Cellulose (wt%)

51.7–53.8 (50.9)

Hemi-cellulose (wt%)

19.7–20.9 (19.7)

[25]

2b

16.6–19.8 (21.7)

1.9–2.1 (2.0)

Cellulose (wt%)

53.6–56.1 (52.4)

Hemi-cellulose (wt%)

19.7––20.7 (19.2)

Populus tremula x alba

Caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT)

2c

19.3–19.5 (19.0)

1.5 (2.2)

–

[11]

Cinnamoyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)

3c

18.0–18.3 (19.0)

2.0 (2.2)

–

Populus tomentosa

4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL)

2

22.16–22.68 (24.12)

–

Cellulose (wt%)

49.58–51.53 (47.94)

[27]

Caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT)

2

21.6–21.8 (24.1)

–

Cellulose (wt%)

50.41–51.75 (47.94)

Populus nigra x maximowiczii

4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL)

3d

22.5–23.7 (23.6)

S/V ratioe

0.6–1.9 (1.8)

Glucan (wt%)

36.1–39.7 (37.5)

Xylan (wt%)

13.8–14.9 (14.1)

[30]

  1. Values in parenthesis denote value reported for control/wild-type
  2. aField trial #1 (referred to as Belgian trial—10 month duration)
  3. bField trial #2 (referred to as French trial—20 month duration)
  4. cLapierre et al. reports data for various time periods in greenhouse and field trials. Data shown here for 6-month-old greenhouse grown trees
  5. dXiang et al. reports data for years 2 and 3 from lines grown in a mountain region and coastal region. Data reported here for year 3 trees grown in mountain region
  6. eS/V ratio is syringaldehyde to vanillin ratio
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Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

ISSN: 2731-3654

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