Fig. 5

A. niger ∆MidA, ∆CchA, ∆CrzA and ∆CnaA strains disrupted cell wall integrity. a Comparison of resistance of MidA, CchA, CrzA, CnaA, MidAC, CchAC, CrzAC, CnaAC and wild type strains to cell wall disruptors. b, c Comparison of chitin, β-1,3-glucan contents between wild type and mutant. d Cell wall thickness of mutant and WT. e TEM images of A. niger WT, ∆MidA, ∆CchA, ∆CrzA and ∆CnaA strains. TEM analysis (bars, 200 nm). The values are the means and standard deviations of three independent experiments. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 by Student’s t test