Skip to main content

Table 3 Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity

From: Enzymatic conversion reactions of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to bio-based 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with air: mechanisms, pathways and synthesis selectivity

Yield [%]

Substrate concentration [mM]

20

10

5

20

10

5

 

AO + HMF

GAO + DFF

HMF

76.5

67.2

57.1

2.3

2.2

2.1

DFF

19.8

29.7

39.9

96.4

96.5

96.6

HMFA

FFA

3.7

3.1

3.0

1.3

1.3

1.3

FDCA

 

LAC + HMFA

HRP + FFA

HMF

DFF

HMFA

100

99.9

100

FFA

99.1

99.4

99.3

FDCA

0.1

0.9

0.6

0.7

  1. Oxidation of different concentrations of HMF, DFF, HMFA and FFA with different enzymes after 72 h. Reaction conditions: final reaction volume 5 mL, 1 or 8 µM enzyme (1 µM AO and 8 µM GAO, LAC and HRP), 5, 10 or 20 mM HMF, DFF, HMFA or FFA in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7) at 30 °C and constant stirring at 150 min−1. Reactions with AO also included 1 µM FAD. HMF 5-hydroxymethilfurfural, HMFA 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid, DFF 2,5-diformylfuran, FFA 5-formyl-2-furoic acid, AO alcohol oxidase from Pichia pastoris, GAO galactose oxidase from Dactylium dendroides, CAT catalase from Aspergillus niger, LAC laccase, HRP horseradish peroxidase. The average relative error was ± 11% and was estimated based on selected repeated experiments