Fig. 2

Proposed metabolic steps for the synthesis of chemicals derived from the shikimate and general phenylpropanoid pathways. Enzyme names are indicated in the case of steps that have been the object of metabolic engineering. Green and red fonts are used to denote enzymes from plant and non-plant origins, respectively. Asterisks indicate that a mutant version of the enzyme was used. ADCL, 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate-lyase; ADCS, 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase; ADHα, arogenate dehydrogenase alpha; ANT, anthranilate; AroG, 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase; AROG, arogenate; BAHDs, BAHD transferases; BX1, indole synthase; CAAT, coniferyl alcohol:acetyl-CoA transferase; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; CAF-CoA, caffeoyl-CoA; CAF, caffeate; CAld5H, coniferladehyde 5-hydroxylase; CatA, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase; CAT, catechol; CA, cinnamate; CHA, chorismate; CONIFalc, coniferyl alcohol; CONIFald, coniferaldehyde; CONIF-acet, coniferyl acetate; CYP2A6, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; DAHP, 3-Deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate; DES, deep eutectic solvents; DHS, 3-dehydroshikimate; EGS, eugenol synthase; EUG, eugenol; E4P, erythrose 4-phosphate; FER-CoA, feruloyl-CoA; FER, ferulate; GAL, gallate; Hbald, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; HBA, 4-hydroxybenzoate; HCHL, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyase; HGA, homogentisate; Irp9, salicylate synthase; MA, muconic acid; NahG, salicylate hydroxylase; OAS1D, rice anthranilate synthase α-subunit; PAAS, phenylacetaldehyde synthase; PABA, p-aminobenzoate; PAR, phenylacetaldehyde reductase; PAT, phosphoribosyl transferase; pCA-CoA, p-coumaroyl-CoA; pCA-SHI, p-coumaroyl-shikimate; pCA, p-coumarate; PCA, protocatechuate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PHEald, phenylacetaldehyde; PHE, phenylalanine; PMT; p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase, PobA, 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase; PPA, prephenate; PP, phenylpyruvate; QsuB, 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase; SA, salicylate; SINAPald, sinapaldehyde; SYRINGald, syringaldehyde; TAL, tyrosine ammonia-lyase; TnaA, tryptophanase; TRP, tryptophan; TRP5, Arabidopsis feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase α-subunit; TYR, tyrosine; UbiC, chorismite pyruvate-lyase; UGT, indoxyl glucosyltransferase; VAN, vanillin; 2-PE, 2-phenylethanol