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Fig. 4 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 4

From: Novel insights into salinity-induced lipogenesis and carotenogenesis in the oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: a multi-omics study

Fig. 4

Regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis (a) and β-oxidation (b) in response to salt stress. The heat map right before gene IDs illustrates gene expression changes (log2 transformed values). Significant difference (at least a twofold change and FDR adjusted p < 0.05) is indicated with an asterisk. qPCR was employed to exam the time-resolved expression of five selected genes and the results are shown at the right up corner. Arrows in red, blue, and black designate the up-regulated, down-regulated, and no-regulated steps, respectively. For proteins encoded by multiple gene copies, the changes in total transcripts of the isogenes were employed for determining the overall regulation pattern. Compounds are highlighted with different colors: red, significantly higher; black, not significantly changed; gray, not determined; blue, significantly lower upon salt stress. ACCase acetyl-CoA carboxylase, AOX acyl-CoA oxidase, BC biotin carboxylase, BCCP biotin carboxyl carrier protein, CT carboxyltransferase, ECH enoyl-CoA hydratase, HCD 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, ENR enoyl-ACP reductase, FAD fatty acid desaturase, FAT acyl-ACP thioesterase, HAD 3-ketoacyl-ACP dehydratase, KAR 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, KAS 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, KATO 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, LACS long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, MCT malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase, SAD stearoyl-ACP desaturase. See Additional file 8: Data S6 for the detailed RNA-seq data

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