Table 2 Energy consumption of ball milling, and mixing energy during high-solids EH
Substrate | Milling energy (MJ kg−1 DM) | Reactor | Hydrolysis conditions | Solids loading (w/w) | Mixing energy (MJ kg−1 DM) | Glucose yield (%) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steam-exploded CS | NA | 5 L, helical impeller | 7 FPU g−1 DM, 72 h, 120 rpm | 20% | 0.57 | 68 (ethanol) | [9] |
25% | 1.36 | 64.8 (ethanol) | |||||
30% | 3.36 | 52.1 (ethanol) | |||||
Steam-exploded spruce | NA | 2.5 L, blade impeller | 20 FPU g−1 glucan, 96 h, 300 rpm | 10% | ~ 1.7 | ~ 58 | [26] |
SO2 + steam-exploded spruce | NA | 3 L, anchor impeller | 0.1 g CTec2 g−1 DM, 48 h, 10 rpm | 10% | 0.116 | ~ 34 | [8] |
15% | 0.135 | ~ 28 | |||||
20% | 0.272 | ~ 24 | |||||
Steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse | NA | 3 L, dual-impeller | 10 FPU g−1 DM, 96 h, 470 rpm | 10% (w/v) | 3.2–7.53 | ~ 60–75 | [27] |
BMCS0 | 0 | 7 L, helical impeller | 10 FPU g−1 DM, 48 h, 55 rpm | 20%a | 8.23 | 14.3 | This study |
BMCS10 | 0.66 | 20%a | 3.69 | 23.3 | |||
BMCS30 | 4.16 | 30% | 0.037 | 49.4 | |||
BMCS60 | 9.63 | 30% | 0.021 | 55.3 | |||
BMCS120 | 19.34 | 30% | 0.003 | 58.4 |