Fig. 2

Lignin-modified transgenic plants exhibit no severe growth penalty. a Representative plants fully grown for 8 weeks and then dried for 4 weeks. Bars represent 5 cm. Stem height (b) and stem dry weight (c) of inflorescence stems of fully senesced transgenic lines (n = 9, wild-type; n = 8, PkC4Hpro::F5H; n = 9, PkC4Hpro::calB; n = 8, PkC4Hpro::couA; and n = 8, PkC4Hpro::F6H1) and the wild type. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval of the mean. Double asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) of transgenic lines compared with the wild type according to Welch’s t-test or Brunner–Munzel test with Bonferroni–Holm correction