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Fig. 2 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 2

From: Transparent polyvinyl-alcohol cryogel as immobilisation matrix for continuous biohydrogen production by phototrophic bacteria

Fig. 2

Compressive characteristics of cryogels comprised of PVA with varying molecular weights. Cryogels formed from 10% w/v PVA solution in either 50% v/v glycerol (transparent) or pure water (conventional). 4–8 samples were used to determine average Young’s modulus (compressive modulus, a), modulus of resilience (b) and load under maximum stress (c) after the indicated number of freeze–thaw cycles (FT). Standard dynamic viscosities (4% solution, 20 °C) from manufacturer’s specifications for PVA samples tested show correlation to cryogel resilience (b). Reference fracture stresses and strains indicated for 1.5 [44] and 2% alginate hydrogels [45] (c). Error bars represent SD. Data not shown for samples which did not form stable cryogels under specified conditions (1FT, transparent 95 and 195 kDa; 6FT: 78 kDa were not investigated)

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