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Table 1 Description of enzymes and corresponding genes implicated in microbial assimilation of lignocellulosic sugars

From: Engineering microbial pathways for production of bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic sugars: current status and perspectives

Pathway

Enzyme name

Enzyme abbreviation

Gene name

Specific constant kcat/Km (s−1 M−1) [substrat]

Microbial origin

Reference

Pentose oxido-reductive pathway

d-Xylose reductase

XR

XYL1

xyrA

na

na

P. stipitis

A. niger

[32]

Xylitol dehydrogenase

XDH

xdh1

XYL2

na

na

Filamentous fungi

S. cerevisiae

[136]

[137]

d-Xylulokinase

XK

xylB

879 103 [xylulose]

E. coli

[138]

XKS1

xkiA

XYL3

na

S. cerevisiae

Aspergillus niger

Pichia stipitis

[139]

[140]

[141]

l-Arabinose reductase

AR

XYL1

larA

na

na

T. reesei

Aspergilus niger

[32]

[142]

l-Arabitol 4-dehydrogenase

ARDH

ladA

na

Filamentous fungi*

[33, 143]

l-Xylulose reductase (NADPH)

l-Xylulose reductase (NADH)

lXR

lrx3

lxrA

ALX1

712 [l-xylulose]

47,103 [l-xylulose]

na

T. reesei

Aspergillus niger

Ambrosiozyma monospora

[144]

[145]

[146]

d-Arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase/ribulose reductase

RIR

ARD

na

Pichia stipitis

Candida tropicalis

[33]

[147]

d-Ribulokinase

RIK

YDR109c

80 103 [D-ribulose]

S.cerevisiae,

[148]

Isomerase pathway

Xylose isomerase

XI

xylA

na

E. coli

[149]

d-Xylulokinase

XK

xylB

879 103 [xylulose]

E. coli

[138]

l-Arabinose isomerasz

AI

araA

na

E. coli

[150]

l-Ribulokinase

RKI

araB

na

E. coli

[151, 152]

l-Xylulokinase

XKI

xylK

na

E. coli

[108]

l-Ribulose-5-P 3-epimerase

UlaE

ulaE

na

E. coli

[153]

l-Ribulose 5-P 4-epimerase

RPE

araD

na

E. coli

[154]

Non-phosphorylative pathway

d-Xylose dehydrogenase

XylDH

xylB

xylB

HVO_B0028

104 [D-Xylose]

157,103 [xylose]

Caulobacter crescenti

S.solfataricus

H. vulcanii

[46, 48, 155, 156]

d-Xylonate lactonase

XAL

xylC

na

na

C.crescenti

H.volcanii

[48, 81]

d-Xylonate dehydratase

XAD

xylD

HVO B0038A

yagE/yjhG

40 103 [D-xylonate)

4 103 (D-Xylonate)

C. crescenti

H.volcanii

Escherichia coli

[48, 70, 155]

l-Arabinose 1-dehydrogenase

AraDH

araA

32.3 103[l-arabinose]

B. multivorans

[81]

l-Arabinolactonase

AraL

araL

na

B. multivorans,

S. solfataricus

[81]

l-Arabinonate dehydratase

AraD

araC

83 [l-arabinonate]

B.multivorans

S. solfataricus

[81]

[156]

2-Keto-3-deoxy-d-xylonate dehydratase

KdxD

xylX

260 [2-keto-3-deoxy-D-pentanoate]

530 [2-keto-3-deoxy-D-pentanoate]

C. crescenti

B. xenovorans

[80, 81]

2-Keto-3-deoxy-l-arabinonate dehydratase

KdaD

araD

23 [2-keto-3-deoxy-l-arabinonate]

B. xenovorans

[81]

2-Ketoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase

KGSADH

xylA

ycbD

HV0_B0039

4.6 105 [α-ketoglutaric semialdehyde]

A. brasilense

C. crescenti

S. solfataricus

H. valcanii

[48, 155,156,157]

2-Keto-3-deoxy-D/l-pentanoate aldolase

KDPA

kdxA

yagE/yjhH

450 [2-keto-3-deoxy-D-pentanoate]

7000 [pyruvate]

S. solfataricus

Escherichia coli

[47, 62]

  1. na: Not accessible