Fig. 7
From: A microbubble-sparged yeast propagation–fermentation process for bioethanol production
Fed-batch fermentations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sparged with low levels of O2. The yeast was MB-propagated for 10 h and then used to inoculate fermentations sparged with either RBs (circles) or MBs (squares) consisting of a 1% O2, 99% nitrogen gas mix. a Cell density; b dry cell mass and viability; c residual glucose; and d ethanol produced. Only the micro-aerobic phase is shown. The data are the means and standard deviations (n = 3)