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Table 2 Factors (NaOH loading, ethanol content, temperature, and time) and the responses (released pCA and recovered xylan in residues) of the Box–Behnken design used for response surface methodology

From: Alkaline organosolv pretreatment of different sorghum stem parts for enhancing the total reducing sugar yields and p-coumaric acid release

Run

Factor

Response

NaOH (%)

Ethanol (%)

Temperature (°C)

Time (h)

Released pCA (%)

Recovered xylan in residues (%)

Pith

Rind

Whole

Pith

Rind

Whole

1

1.25

10

70

2.5

66.23

67.64

67.57

79.78

74.35

75.21

2

1.25

70

65

1

83.99

83.74

83.82

76.06

86.71

84.69

3

1.25

40

65

2.5

79.66

85.56

81.68

80.42

82.21

80.28

4

2

10

65

2.5

85.05

88.45

88.29

63.95

72.78

62.18

5

1.25

40

60

4

79.22

86.40

79.70

73.22

81.10

82.49

6

1.25

10

65

4

84.90

87.36

87.19

65.39

77.34

77.80

7

1.25

70

60

2.5

75.00

82.14

78.72

81.84

84.69

79.63

8

2

40

65

1

85.44

88.31

87.60

65.11

80.53

70.17

9

0.5

40

70

2.5

45.47

25.97

45.02

79.98

82.44

81.01

10

0.5

40

65

4

32.36

31.59

33.02

89.17

82.95

80.13

11

1.25

40

65

2.5

80.27

84.54

82.89

81.03

82.07

81.02

12

0.5

70

65

2.5

36.49

21.49

32.92

88.92

85.44

88.17

13

2

40

60

2.5

86.89

92.30

90.52

64.88

79.12

68.76

14

1.25

70

65

4

84.15

86.52

85.85

83.71

82.64

81.43

15

0.5

10

65

2.5

33.08

32.00

34.48

82.73

85.31

73.70

16

1.25

70

70

2.5

90.14

91.14

90.73

79.94

86.96

87.58

17

1.25

40

65

2.5

78.96

84.25

82.47

80.76

83.11

79.87

18

0.5

40

65

1

31.53

19.42

29.79

85.12

89.10

83.22

19

2

40

70

2.5

87.14

93.68

90.17

64.70

74.80

70.11

20

2

70

65

2.5

94.97

98.07

98.44

67.98

84.89

68.77

21

1.25

40

65

2.5

79.28

87.44

80.13

79.82

82.89

80.05

22

1.25

10

60

2.5

57.88

56.28

57.51

70.35

75.86

75.80

23

1.25

40

60

1

67.08

66.70

71.29

80.95

83.15

78.85

24

0.5

40

60

2.5

28.14

22.31

28.02

84.60

83.07

86.24

25

1.25

10

65

1

53.48

52.89

55.36

77.08

73.69

74.36

26

1.25

40

65

2.5

81.77

85.79

83.11

79.91

82.58

80.74

27

1.25

40

70

4

84.80

91.44

90.94

74.72

79.11

76.34

28

1.25

40

70

1

77.19

79.06

78.81

72.52

82.80

79.47

29

2

40

65

4

97.12

95.41

95.30

65.36

74.10

65.80