Materials | Ferulic acid (g/L) | Acetic acid (g/L) | Levulinic acid (g/L) | Furfural (g/L) | HMF (g/L) |
---|
NaOH–ethanol |
 Pith | 0.184 | 1.428 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
 Rind | 0.210 | 1.448 |
 Whole stem | 0.204 | 1.490 |
NaOH |
 Pith | 0.183 | 1.462 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
 Rind | 0.194 | 1.487 |
 Whole stem | 0.186 | 1.521 |
- NaOH–ethanol pretreatment was performed under the following conditions: 1.63% NaOH, 70% ethanol, 66 °C, 3.18 h; 1.90% NaOH, 70% ethanol, 69.8 °C, 1.00 h and 1.46% NaOH, 70% ethanol, 70 °C, 2.19 h for the pith, rind and whole stem, respectively. NaOH pretreatment was performed under the same conditions, except that 70% ethanol was not included
- n.d. not detected