Fig. 4

Direct ethanol production from three cellulose substrates using different yeast variants. Time profiles of the ethanol production from the yeast (a) Y-IM2 or (b) Y-IM3. The numbers in the bracket represented the ratios of EG, CBH, BGL and CBM used in the experiment. c The highest ethanol production of each cellulose substrates was shown. As the control, the wild-type Y-IM0 yeast was treated with E. coli lysate containing the enzymes