Fig. 2

Constructing the noncyclic glyoxylate pathway for fumarate production. a Schematic representation of fumarate biosynthesis through the noncyclic glyoxylate pathway. b Effect of gene expression on the production of organic acids. c The specific activities of AfPYC, EcCS, EcACN, EcICL, and EcSDH. d The expression level of genes AfPYC, EcCS, EcACN, EcICL, and EcSDH. Error bars represent standard deviation from three biological replicates