Fig. 1

Cell growth of wild-type Z. mobilis ZM4 under different pH conditions. ZM4 was cultured in RMG5 using Bioscreen C instrument at a pH range within pH 3.5–4.0. pH 3.5 (red color circle), pH 3.6 (green color square), pH 3.7 (blue color upward triangle), pH 3.8 (purple color downward triangle), pH 3.9 (yellow color diamond), and pH 4.0 (pink color diamond). At least two independent experiments were performed with similar results. Values are the mean of one representative experiment with three technical replicates. Error bars represent standard deviations