Table 1 Archaeal heterotrophic hyperthermophiles and characterized GHs

Pyrococcus furiosus [25]

70–103

100

Endoglucanase (GH12) extracellular enzyme [46]

No Genbank

100

T_1/2 40 h at 95 °C

WP_011011985.1 (from CAZy website)

Endoglucanase (GH16) extracellular enzyme [47]

105

100% of residual activity after incubation at 80 °C for 110 h

AF013169

Amylase extracellular enzyme [44]

100

> 60% relative activity at 120 °C after incubation for 1 h

n.l.

Amylase intra- and extracellular enzymes [43]

106

30% residual activity after incubation for 8 h at 98 °C

n.l.

Amylase extracellular enzyme [48]  

100

80% residual activity after incubation for 6 h at 100 °C

U96622

Amylase intracellular enzyme [49]

100 

> 80% residual activity after incubation for 2 h at 100 °C

n.l.

Glucosidase intracellular enzyme [50]

102–105

T_1/2 85 h at 100 °C

n.l.

Glucosidase secretion n.l. [51]

100

80% residual activity after incubation for 1 h at 100 °C

AF013169

Pyrococcus horikoshii [26]

< 80–102

98

Endoglucanase (GH5) extracellular enzyme [52]

97

Relative activity 80% after incubation at 97 °C for 3 h

AAQ31833.1 (from CAZy website)

Pyrococcus woesei [53]

n.l.

100–103

Amylase extracellular enzyme [54]

100

No loss of activity after incubation at 90 °C for 6 h

n.l.

Palaeococcus pacificus [55]

50–90

80

Cyclodextrinase PpCD (GH13) secretion n.l. [56]

95

> 90% relative activity after 8 h at 85 °C

WP_048164969

Thermofilum pendens [57]

85–90

Up to 95

Glucosidase (GH 3) intracellular enzyme [51]  

90

50% residual activity after incubation for 60 min at 95 °C

YP_920894

Staphylothermus marinus [58]  

 n.l.

98

Amylase SMMA (GH13) secretion n.l. [59]

100

Melting point T_m 109 °C

WP_011838911.1

Thermococcus chitonophagus [60]

60–93

85

Chitinase chi70 associated with outer cell membrane [61]

70

> 50% activity after incubation at 120 °C for 1 h

n.l.

Thermococcus kodakarensis [62]  

60–100

85

Pullulanase TK-PUL (GH13) secretion n.l. [63]

95–100

T_1/2 45 min at 100 °C

BAD85166.1

Saccharolobus shibatae [64]

Up to 86 

81

Endoglucanase (GH 12) secretion n.l. [65]

100 

100% activity after incubation at 85 °C for 1 h

LT221867

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius [66]

55–80 

70–77 

Amylase (GH 57) membrane-bound enzyme [67]

105 

T_1/2 2.5 h at 100 °C

AAY80509.1 (from CAZy website)

Saccharolobus solfataricus [68]

 n.l.

70

Xylanase membrane-bound enzyme [69]  

90

T_1/2 47 min at 100 °C

n.l.

Endoglucanase SSO1949 (GH 12) extracellular enzyme [41]

80

T_1/2 8 h at 80 °C (pH 1.8)

AAK42142.1; NP_343352.1 (from CAZy website)

Galactosidase intracellular enzyme [70]

95

> 3 h at 75 °C

n.l.

Galactosidase secretion n.l. [71]

90

> 2 h at 75 °C

n.I.

Galactosidase (GH36) intracellular enzyme [72]

90

T_1/2 30 min at 90 °C

n.l.

Xylosidase (GH 31) secretion n.l. [73]

90

T_1/2 38 h at 90 °C

AJ251975

Mannosidase (GH 38) intracellular enzyme [74]

85

> 20% activity after 10 min at 80 °C

AAK43108.1; AIX48014.1; CAC24028.1; NP_344318.1 (from CAZy website)

Caldivirga maquilingensis [75]

60–92

85

Galactosidase (GH1) secretion n.l. [76]

110

100% relative activity after 120 min at 90 °C

ABW01253.1

Pyrobaculum aerophilum [77]

75–104

100

Glucosidase (GH31) intracellular [78]

90

46% relative activity after 1 h at 110 °C

gi:18160499

Picrophilus torridus [79]

45–65

60

Glucosidase (GH31) intracellular enzyme [80]

87

81% relative activity after 120 min at 80 °C

AAT42677.1 (from CAZy website)

Mannosidase (GH38) intracellular enzyme [80]

70

50% relative activity after 1 h at 80 °C (with Cd²⁺⁾

AAT42676.1

Deep sea hydrothermal vent

Endoglucanase (GH 12) extracellular enzyme [81]

> 80% activity after incubation at 80 °C for 4,5 h

LN850140 (fosmid insert)

Hot spring 

Glucosidase (GH 1) secretion n.l. [40]

> 67% activity after incubation at 90 °C for 1.5 h

HG326254

Shallow marine vent sample from Vulcano Island, incubation 90 °C, cellulosic substrate, anoxic [82]

Unknown, not cultivated in pure culture, probably related to Thermococcus

Endoglucanase Vul_Cel5A (GH 5) extracellular enzyme [42]

115

T_1/2 43 min at 100 °C

MH910342

Glucosidase (GH 1) intracellular enzyme [22]

105

T_1/2 99 min at 75 °C

MN329095

Sample from 94 °C geothermal pool of northern Nevada, incubated at 90 °C, cellulosic substrates, anoxic [83]

Unknown, not cultivated in pure culture, probably related to Ignisphaera

Endoglucanase EBI-244 (multidomain) extracellular enzyme [83]  

109

T_1/2 4.5 h at 100 °C

JF509452

In situ enrichment culture in hot vent (76–99 °C, Kuril archipelago) using xylan as carbon source [84]

 Thermococcus sp. Strain 2319X1

Multidomain glycosidase MDG (Multidomain) extracellular enzyme

Full-length protein

Truncated GH5 version [84]

60

90

n.l.

n.l.

CP012200 (genome)