Fig. 3

Biomass formation (a), glucose consumption (b), ethanol production (c), specific glucose uptake rate/ethanol productivity (d), volumetric glucose uptake rate/ethanol productivity after 5.5 h (e) and ethanol yield (f) of the different strains under growth-decoupled (nitrogen-starved) conditions. Specific and volumetric rate values are reported for the first 5.5 h of cultivation. Yields are reported for the entire cultivation period (0–10 h). The data presented are from triplicates and the error bars represent standard deviations