ATPase-based implementation of enforced ATP wasting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improved ethanol production

Table 1 Overview of different ATP-wasting strategies applied in S. cerevisiae

	Benisch and Boles [6]	Semkiv et al. [14]	Semkiv et al. [19]	Navas et al. [13]	Basso et al. [8]	Jensen et al. [15, 21]	This study
ATP-wasting strategy	ED pathway	Futile cycle	Alkaline phosphatase	Futile cycle	Energy-dependent substrate uptake	F₁-ATPase (β subunit)	F₁-ATPase (different variants)
Use of F₁-ATPase	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Use of defined (minimal) medium	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Detailed data on physiology of strains^a	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Anaerobic cultivation	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
ATP wasting for growth-coupled product formation	N.D.	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ATP wasting for growth-decoupled product formation	N.D.	No	No	No	No	No	Yes

^aAvailability of comprehensive data on growth (biomass, growth rate), substrate utilization rates and production formation (titer, yield, and rates). N.D. not determined

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