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Table 2 Comparison of high sugar standard cultivation and reduced sugar cultivation with continuous feed

From: Optimization of carbon source efficiency for lipid production with the oleaginous yeast Saitozyma podzolica DSM 27192 applying automated continuous feeding

Ā 

c(Glu) 90Ā g/L

Cont. CFS Glu

c(Xyl) 60Ā g/L

Cont. CFS Xyl

Feeding strategy

Daily manual restock

Batch/continuous fed-batch

Daily manual restock

Batch/continuous fed-batch

Feeding status

Un-optimized

Optimized

Un-optimized

Optimized

Total sugar amount applied [g]

269

160

204

150

Total sugar amount metabolized [g]

150.66ā€‰Ā±ā€‰11.71

145.35ā€‰Ā±ā€‰6.05

147.88ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.17

138.46ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.40

% sugar used by yeasts

56.01ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.35

90.84ā€‰Ā±ā€‰3.78

72.49ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.56

92.30ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.61

Final CDW [g/L]

19.38ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.37

26.78ā€‰Ā±ā€‰3.5

27.98ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.65

25.38ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.23

Final lipid content [% FAME/CDW]

30.82ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.84

28.34ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.38

26.87ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.04

27.53ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.07

Final lipid titer [g/L]

5.98ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.40

7.41ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.55

7.54ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.28

6.68ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.43

Final organic acid concentration [g/L]

GA: 19.78ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.98

GA: 10.38ā€‰Ā±ā€‰3.57

XA: 0.90ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.16

XA: 0.64ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.11

Total consumption rate [g/(Lā€‰Ć—ā€‰h)]

0.71ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.06

0.88ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.06

0.87ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.03

0.78ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.01

Total cell mass production rate [g/(Lā€‰Ć—ā€‰h)]

0.14ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.02

0.19ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.02

0.20ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.02

0.18ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.02

Total lipid production rate [g/(Lā€‰Ć—ā€‰h)]

0.04ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.00

0.05ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.01

0.05ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.01

0.05ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.00

Total organic acid production rate [g/(Lā€‰Ć—ā€‰h)]

GA: 0.14ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.01

GA: 0.07ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.03

XA: 0.006ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.001

XA: 0.0004ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.0001

Total Yx/s [g/g]

0.19ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.01

0.21ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.01

0.26ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.01

0.22ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.00

Total Yl/s [g/g]

0.06ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.00

0.06ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.01

0.07ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.01

0.06ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.00

Total produced CO2 [g]

84.62

109.79

84.96

118.90

Total produced CO2 per CDW [g/g]

2.98ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.36

3.58ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.38

2.42ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.05

3.83ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.04

  1. c(Glu) 90Ā g/Lā€‰=ā€‰standard process with daily glucose restock to 90Ā g/L; Cont. CFS Gluā€‰=ā€‰calculated feed strategy for glucose with continuous feed; c(Xyl) 60Ā g/L =ā€‰ standard process with daily xylose restock to 60Ā g/L; Cont. CFS Xylā€‰=ā€‰calculated feed strategy for xylose with continuous feed, Yx/sā€‰=ā€‰cell mass specific yield; Yl/sā€‰=ā€‰lipid specific yield, CDWā€‰=ā€‰cell dry weight