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Table 5 Capital and operating costs of overliming and preprocessing units

From: Novel ethanol production using biomass preprocessing to increase ethanol yield and reduce overall costs

 

Capital cost (MM $)

Direct operating cost with fresh water (MM $/year)

Direct operating cost with process water (MM $/year)

Overliming

$ 1.38

$ 0.96

$ 0.96

Preprocessing

$ 2.68

$ 4.18

$ 0.16