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Table 6 Thermodynamic and the cost parameters related to the pyrolysis process

From: Physico-chemical assessment of torrefied Eurasian pinecones

Reaction regime

ΔG (kJ kg−1)

Unprocessed pinecones

ΔG (kJ kg−1)

Torrified pinecones

5 °C min−1

10 °C min−1

15 °C min−1

5 °C min−1

10 °C min−1

15 °C min−1

Exerogonic (I)

− 3.82

− 4.50

− 6.72

–

− 4.86

− 5.57

Endergonic(II)

1.87

3.06

2.35

0.02

0.66

1.76

Exerogonic (II)

− 695.42

− 466.71

− 453.41

− 677.62

− 518.18

− 424.51

Exerogonic (III)

–

− 181.78

–

–

–

− 199.30

Exerogonic (IV)

− 836.32

− 873.93

− 448.42

− 835.067

− 878.91

− 410.91

Entropy of a system (kJ kg−1 K−1)

0.066

0.067

0.036

− 0.0098

− 0.0094

− 0.0069

Exergetic gain

0

0

0

2.06%

1.02%

1.6%

Capital saving per kg of fuel*

0

0

0

1.5ȼ

0.24ȼ

0.08ȼ

  1. * It depends on the energy policy of a country