Fig. 1

Phenotype of laccase mutants. a Growth phenotype of WT and df1 mutant. b Cell wall composition (% biomass) of WT and df1 mutant. c Phloroglucinol–HCl staining of stem cross sections from WT and df1 mutant. d Cell wall composition (% biomass) of WT, lac4 mutant, and pAtLAC4::PtoLAC14 transgenic line. e Phloroglucinol–HCl staining of stem cross sections from WT, lac14 mutant, and pAtLAC4::PtoLAC14 transgenic line. The black arrows show collapsed xylem. Scale bar is 5 cm in a, 100 μm in c and e. Data represent mean ± SD of three technical replicates. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t test as **P < 0.01