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Fig. 4 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 4

From: Cell-based and cell-free biocatalysis for the production of d-glucaric acid

Fig. 4

In vitro cascade for production of GA. Four different methods of synthesizing GA in vitro are represented by different colored text and arrows [64, 67,68,69]. a Pink text indicates the GA synthesis route starting from sucrose. Sucrose is converted to G1P by SP, and then GA is produced by the action of five enzymes—PGM, IPS, IMP, MIOX, and Udh. Orange text represents the in vitro synthesis route of GA starting from glucurononxylan hemicellulose. Blue text represents a novel synthesis route of GA starting from glucurononxylan hemicellulose. b Black text represents the in vitro synthesis route of GA starting from G1P. The reaction was divided into two parts: high-temperature and low-temperature systems. The enzymes related to the GA pathway were connected to zeolite via a peptide linker. AG glucuronidase, AxyAgu115A GH115 α-glucuronidase, G1P glucose-1-phosphate, G6P glucose-6-phosphate, GOOX gluco-oligosaccharide oxidase, I1P myo-inositol-1-phosphate, IMP inositol-1-monophosphatase, IPS myo-inositol-3-phosphate, MI myo-inositol, MIOX myo-inositol oxygenase, Nox NADH oxidase, PGM phosphoglucomutase, SP sucrose phosphorylase, Udh uronate dehydrogenase, XYN xylanase

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