Fig. 1From: Oxygen radical based on non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma alleviates lignin-derived phenolic toxicity in yeastConversion of vanillin by oxygen-radical treatment. a GC–MS chromatogram of vanillin solution (5.0 mM) irradiated with oxygen-radical treatment for 0 min and 20 min. Reaction products were trimethylsilylated and analysed by GC–MS. Identified reaction products are marked by arrows with numbers and shown in Table 1. b–e Treatment-time-dependent conversion of vanillin and the production of reactants. Error bars represent the mean ± standard error of the mean of three independent experimentsBack to article page