Fig. 1

Carbohydrate material flows through the bioconversion process. Stillage material flows represent a contribution to wastewater. The figure should be read from top to bottom where shaded blocks represent the relative material flow of the named constituent at the end of each unit operation. Exact material flows are provided as numbers nearby the corresponding shaded block. Material flows represented as kg/tonne OD biomass. (S)—solid phase, (L)—liquid phase, (SL)—liquid phase derived from pretreated solid, (C)—combined stillage. All values are means of triplicates