Integration of wastewater treatment into process design of lignocellulosic biorefineries for improved economic viability

Table 2 Characteristics of wastewater from corn stover-based bioconversion process reproduced from [32] and poplar-based bioconversion process (this study)

Parameter	Concentration (mg/L)		Process mass flow (normalized to kg/tonne OD biomass)
Parameter	Corn stover	Poplar	Corn Stover	Poplar
BOD	33,000	32,100	135	160
Soluble BOD	32,600	32,300	130	160
Total COD	87,400	169,100	355	845
Soluble COD	84,600	78,700	340	390
Total solids	68,433	158,400	280	790
TVS	58,460	128,700	240	640
TSS	1500	73,100	6.10	365
VSS	1360	68,500	5.5	342
TDS	66,933	85,200	270	425
Ammonia-N	1060	160	4.3	0.8
Total P	805	2030	3.3	10.1
Ortho-P	805	1275	3.3	6.4
Total alkalinity	2750	3210	11.2	16.0
Sulfate	4400	1820	17.9	9.1
Silica	1580	10	6.4	0.1
Ba	0.015	0.927	< 0.01	< 0.01
Cd	<0.001	< 0.046	< 0.01	< 0.01
Ca²	6.790	146	0.03	0.73
Cr	0.177	2.33*	< 0.01	0.01
Cu	0.005	< 0.019	< 0.01	< 0.01
Fe	0.814	11.9	< 0.01	0.06
Pb	0.003	< 0.070	< 0.01	< 0.01
Mg	4.630	298	0.02	1.49
Mn	0.096	0.373	< 0.01	< 0.01
K	498	1020	2.03	5.10
Cl	2473	NA	10.06	NA
Na	15.8	7450	0.06	37.17
St	0.086	NA	< 0.01	NA

NA not analyzed, BOD biochemical oxygen demand, COD chemical oxygen demand, TVS total volatile solids, TSS total suspended solids, VSS volatile suspended solids, TDS total dissolved solids
* Denotes exceedance of monthly discharge limitations for organic chemical facilities (40 CFR §414.91 2017)

ISSN: 2731-3654