Fig. 1

Effects of biochar on ethanol fermentation by Z. mobilis ZM4 in the presence of acetic acid stress condition (a, b), and furfural stress condition (c, d). Glucose indicates the concentration of sugar that remained in cultures. EtOH indicates the concentration of ethanol produced. “An” and “Fn” indicate Z. mobilis ZM4 fermented in the presence of n g/L acetic acid and n g/L furfural, respectively. “AnC” and “FnC” indicate Z. mobilis ZM4 co-cultured with 3.5‰ biochar fermented in the presence of n g/L acetic acid and n g/L furfural, respectively