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Fig. 3 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 3

From: Overexpression of vesicle-associated membrane protein PttVAP27-17 as a tool to improve biomass production and the overall saccharification yields in Populus trees

Fig. 3

Overexpression of PttVAP27-17 did not cause major changes in wood chemistry of greenhouse-grown trees. af Pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of cell wall components in wild type (WT) and three PttVAP27-17 lines (1–3). The values are relative, and depict the combined area of GC peaks assigned to carbohydrates (C), lignin (L), syringyl lignin (S-lignin), guaiacyl lignin (G-lignin) and p-hydroxyphenyl lignin (H-lignin) as a percentage of total GC peak area. S/G, ratio between syringyl and guaiacyl-type lignin. gl Total carbohydrate content in WT and PttVAP27-17 lines measured by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. The fractions of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, and total monosaccharides (arabinose + galactose + glucose + xylose + mannose) after acid hydrolysis are indicated as percentages (g of monosaccharide sugar in anhydrous form per 100 g of dry weight of wood). Wood chemical analyses were performed using mature wood from the basal part of the stem of two-months-old trees grown in the greenhouse. For both type of analyses, n = 5 for transgenic line 1 and 2, n = 3 for transgenic line 3 where “n” indicates number of biological replicates. For the WT, 33 biological replicates were used without pooling for pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis and with pooling to five replicates for total carbohydrate content analysis. The box plots show the median (horizontal line) with the outer limits at the 25th and 75th percentiles, the 1.5 inter-quartile ranges (whiskers) and the outliers (gray spots). Asterisks indicate significant differences from the WT at p ≤ 5% (*) and p ≤ 0.1% (**) according to Student’s t-test. Percentages indicate increase (+) or decrease (−) of values of lines overexpressing PttVAP27-17 in comparison to WT

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