Table 11 GHG emission analysis of ethanol production

Pretreatment

95 kWh/t ethanol

–

Fermentation

50 kWh/t ethanol

–

Rectification

25 kWh/t ethanol

–

Dehydration

40 kWh/t ethanol

–

Residue handling

143 kWh/t ethanol

–

Accessory equipment

20 kWh/t ethanol

611.2 kg/t ethanol

By-product production

106 kWh/t ethanol

–

Denaturing

7.416 kWh/t ethanol

–

Avoided by by-products

 − 106 kWh/t ethanol

–

Energy consumption

380.416 kWh/t ethanol

611.2 kg/t ethanol

Carbon coefficients

0.26 kg CO₂ eq /kWh

0.52 kg CO₂ eq /kg coal

Carbon emission

98.91 kg CO₂ eq/t ethanol

317.824 kg CO₂ eq/t ethanol