|
Variable parameters
|
Unit
|
Minimum
|
Baseline
|
Maximum
|
Sources
|
|---|
|
Ash content of HWE willow
|
%
|
0.2
|
1.2
|
2.8
|
[9]
|
|
Willow biomass yielda
|
|
Cropland
|
Mg ha−1 year−1
|
9.4
|
11.6
|
13.8
|
[17]
|
|
Grassland
|
Mg ha−1 year−1
|
8.2
|
10.7
|
13.6
|
|
Ethanol distribution distance
|
km
|
60
|
80
|
100
|
[18]
|
|
Ethanol yield
|
g/g
|
0.37
|
0.41
|
0.51
|
[5]
|
|
HWE Mass removal
|
%
|
19.9
|
22.4
|
26.6
|
[9]
|
|
Leaf nitrogen content
|
%
|
1.88
|
2.32
|
2.78
|
[17, 40]
|
|
Moisture contenta
|
% (wet basis)
|
37
|
44
|
51
|
[47]
|
|
Root to shoot ratio
|
_
|
0.46
|
0.61
|
0.7
|
[40]
|
|
SOC change
|
|
Cropland
|
Mg C ha−1 year−1
|
0.19
|
0.29
|
0.34
|
[17, 23, 25]
|
|
Grassland
|
Mg C ha−1 year−1
|
− 0.43
|
− 0.29
|
− 0.19
|
|
Storage duration
|
Month
|
0
|
3
|
6
|
Estimation
|
|
Percent of suitable land used
|
%
|
10
|
30
|
100
|
Estimation
|
|
Urea
|
kg N ha−1
|
80
|
100
|
120
|
[48]
|
- aBiomass yield best fits a logistic probability distribution type and moisture data fits a normal probability distribution. The probability distributions of the other parameters are unknown because of insufficient numbers of data points to run a best fit analysis. We assumed a triangular probability distribution for these variable parameters. The baseline values of biomass yield are the median values across a range of field within the geographic boundary of this analysis, and the minimum and maximum values correspond to 95% confidence interval of these yield data. A minimum of 10% of the total amount of suitable land within the geographic boundary of this analysis is required to supply 700 Mg of willow chips to the biorefinery daily
