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Fig. 1 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 1

From: Understanding and exploiting the fatty acid desaturation system in Rhodotorula toruloides

Fig. 1

source-free YNB broth, which was individually supplemented with different fatty acids (10 g/L) and cultured at 28 °C for 8 h with 280 rpm agitation. Glucose (10 g/L) was used as the control, and Tergitol NP40 was supplemented at 1% (w/v) to facilitate fatty acid absorption in all treatments. For qPCR analysis, actin encoding gene (ACT1) was used as the reference and error bars represent the standard derivations of triplicates

qRT-PCR analysis of FAD genes. a Effect of nitrogen starvation on FAD gene transcription. R. toruloides seed culture established in YPD broth was washed in water, inoculated to yeast nitrogen base (YNB) or YNB-N− (without amino acid supplement and ammonium sulfate) and cultured at 28 °C. Cells for total RNA extraction were sampled at 12 and 24 h after inoculation. The relative mRNA levels were calculated by 2-ΔΔCt method and represented as the ratio between the two media. b Effects of exogenous fatty acid supplementation on transcription of FADs. The 2-ΔCt method was applied for the data analysis and represented as relative expression against the reference gene. The inlet shows the levels of each mRNA from cells cultured in different media after normalizing against that in the control medium (glucose as the carbon source). Seed culture was washed with water twice and inoculated in carbon

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