Table 3 Several bioprocesses integrated with wastewater bioremediation
From: Waste biorefinery towards a sustainable circular bioeconomy: a solution to global issues
Microbial strain | Type of wastewater | Results | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
Aspergillus oryzae | Potato processing wastewater | COD removal efficiency = 91% Total soluble nitrogen removal efficiency = 98% Total soluble phosphorus removal efficiency = 97% Lipid concentration = 3.5 g/L | [84] |
Bjerkandera adusta MUT 2295 | Coloured wastewaters: textile industry wastewater, tannery industry wastewater and industrial dyes | Bjerkandera adusta MUT 2295 effectively degraded and detoxified most of the coloured wastewaters | [85] |
Microalgae: Chlorella sorokiniana DBWC2 and Chlorella sp. DBWC7 Bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae ORWB1 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ORWB3 (co-culture of microalgae-bacteria consortium) | Raw dairy wastewater | COD removal efficiency = 90.49% Nitrate removal efficiency = 84.69% Biomass concentration = 2.87 g/L | [86] |
Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-31 | Mixed piggery-brewery wastewater | Ammonia removal efficiency = 100% TN removal efficiency = 96% TP removal efficiency = 90% COD removal efficiency = 93% Biomass concentration = 2.85 g/L | [87] |
Chlorella vulgaris AG 30007 and Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17514 (co-culture of microalgae-bacteria consortium) | Municipal wastewater | COD removal efficiency = 86% Nitrogen removal efficiency = 78–85% Phosphorus removal efficiency = 54–65% | [88] |
Chlorella vulgaris NIES-227 (co-culture of microalgae-bacteria consortium) | Sewage (activated sludge) | COD removal efficiency = 82.7% Nitrogen removal efficiency = 75.5% TP removal efficiency = 100% Biomass productivity = 343.3 mg/L/d The biomass produced showed a higher calorific value and protein content | [89] |
Micractinium sp. IC-76 | Municipal wastewater | Nitrogen removal efficiency = 96.4% Phosphorus removal efficiency = 77.8% Biomass productivity = 37.18 mg/L/d Lipid content = 36.29% | [90] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAK-1 | Olive mill wastewater | Remarkable decolourisation (~ 63%) and phenol removal efficiency (~ 34% (w/w)) Co-production of bioethanol and lipids | [83] |
Scenedesmus sp. (co-culture of microalgae-bacteria consortium) | Starch wastewater (anaerobic sludge) | Co-cultivation enhanced biohydrogen production and performed wastewater bioremediation COD removal efficiency = 80.5% Total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency = 88.7% Total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency = 80.1% Biohydrogen yield = 1508.3 mL/L Total lipid concentration = 0.36 g/L Energy conversion efficiency = 34.2% | [91] |
Bacterial consortium ‘Bx’ | Textile wastewater contains reactive dye | Maximum decolourisation rates = 88–97% Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency = 95–98% | [92] |
PHA-storing and filamentous bacteria | Municipal wastewater | COD removal efficiency = 70% CODsol concentration removal efficiency = 60% (sol: soluble) Nitrogen removal efficiency = 24% Phosphorus removal efficiency = 46% Co-produced PHA | [93] |
Microbial community | Lactate wastewater (obtained from cattle slaughterhouse) | COD removal efficiency = 12–30% Lactate removal efficiency = 54–99.8% Biohydrogen yield = 0.08–0.95 mol H2/mol lactate uptake (by dark fermentation process) Identified microbial = Clostridium, Sporanaerobacter and Pseudomonas | [94] |
Sulphate reducing bacteria consortium | Real wastewater from Okhla industrial area effluent | Sulphate removal efficiency = 90% Chromium removal efficiency = 82.6% Cadmium removal efficiency = 86.6% Zinc removal efficiency = 54.09% Lead removal efficiency = 49.8% Nickel removal efficiency = 10.3% Oil and grease removal efficiency = 75% | [95] |
Not specified (co-culture microbial consortium: microalgae, bacteria and other microscopic organisms) | Domestic sewage | TN removal efficiency = 72–83% TP removal efficiency = 100% | [96] |
Not specified | Municipal biological wastewater | COD removal efficiency = 83% TN removal efficiency = 80% PHA content = 49% | [97] |