The oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: potential from production to an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis

Table 1 Summary of TAG and astaxanthin production by C. zofingiensis

References	Culture conditions	Biomass		TAG or TFA			Astaxanthin
References	Culture conditions	Concentration (g L⁻¹)	Productivity (g L⁻¹ day⁻¹)	Content (g g⁻¹DW)	Yield (g L⁻¹)	Productivity (g L⁻¹ day⁻¹)	Content (mg g⁻¹DW)	Yield (mg L⁻¹)	Productivity (mg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)
[88]	P, Batch	–	–	–	–	–	6.8	–	0.8
[22]	P, Batch	7.0	0.7	–	–	–	3.7	25.0	1.3
[24]	M, Batch	9.5	–	–	–	–	1.3	12.5	–
[26]	H, FB	53.0	3.3	–	–	–	0.7	32.4	2.0
[30]	H, FB	43.1	2.9	0.48^a	20.7	1.4	–	–	–
[31]	H, Batch	12.9	1.6	0.33	4.2	0.5	1.2	13.6	1.7
[25]	H, FB	45.6	4.7	–	–	–	1.2	56.1	5.6
[77]	M, Batch	11.9	0.6	0.42^a	5.0	0.3	2.2	25.8	1.3
[19]	P, Batch	8.2	0.6	0.34	2.8	0.3	2.4	19.6	1.4
[13]	P, Batch P, SC	7.5 –	1.4 1.0	0.39 0.29	1.5 –	0.2 0.3	4.9 3.2	12.8 –	2.0 3.3
[21]	M, Batch	6.0	0.5	–	–	–	6.5	38.9	3.2
[68]	M, TS	98.4	7.0	–	–	–	0.8	73.3	5.2
[17]	P, Batch	1.8	0.2	0.27	0.4	0.1	3.9	4.5	0.6
[27]	H, FB H-P, TS	71.1 73.7	5.8 4.8	– –	– –	– –	0.7 2.7	47.3 194.5	4.0 9.9
[29]	M, Batch	8.3	0.7	0.65^a	5.4	0. 5	13.1	89.9	7.5
[18]	P, Batch	3.8	1.0	0.19	0.5	0.1	3.0	6.8	1.7
[32]	P, Batch	7.2	1.1	0.42^a	3.0	0.5	6.0	41.8	7.0
[70]	M, FB	7.8	1.1	0.42^a	–	0.46	–	–	2.0

^a TFA; P, photoautotrophic culture; M, mixotrophic culture; H, heterotrophic culture; SC, semi-continuous culture; FB, fed-batch culture; TS, two-stage cultivation

ISSN: 2731-3654